Bluetooth low energy v5.4 Baseband Controller, Protocol Software Stack and Profiles IP
SystemVerilog versus SystemC
Guruprasad PV, Prabu M (Global Edge Software)
Abstract
SystemVerilog and SystemC are the languages used for verification and hardware modelling. Both have features which are unique to each of them while some features are inherited from C++ language. Verilog concepts which are inherited in system verilog is not compared, but features with respect to C++ and hardware description is used for comparison. Objective of this paper is to help hardware engineer when switching between these two languages and to help new users to get familiarized with both the languages and reduce the ramp up time.
Introduction
This paper compares widely used features which is common between System Verilog and SystemC. Specific features which are unique in both have not used for comparison. For e.g package in system verilog is not taken for reference similarly in systemC threads and process is not taken for reference.
1. Data types
Feature | SystemC | Systemverilog | comments |
Two state data type | short int, long int, sc_bit, char variable vector size sc_int<width>, sc_uint<width>, sc_bigint<width> They can have different sizes | int, short int, long int, bit, byte | In systemC, some are inherited form c++ while others are part of SystemC package |
Four state data type | sc_logic Varable vector size | reg, integer, logic | ------ |
Default value of wire | Signal depends on template argument e.g. sc_signal <sc_logic>abc sc_logic is the template argument. This template can be any of systemC data types | Wire and variable types defaults to logic which is four state e.g. Wire abc is same as wire logic abc in system verilog var i is same as var logic i | In system verilog net defaults to logic which is 4 state whereas in systemC it can be either 2 state or 4 state based on template argument |
Scope of variables | All local variables are default Automatic | All variables within function and tasks and module are default static. All variable within automatic tasks and automatic functions are automatic | In system Verilog variables have to prefixed with the word automatic whereas in SystemC it has to be prefixed with static as default scope is different |
Enumeration literals and declarations | Same as in C++ | Few additional declarations and features are available 1. Enum{flag[2:0], host[2]} is same as enum{flag2, flag1, flag0, host0, host1, host2} 2. enum {flag[5]} is same as enum {flag0, flag1, flag2, flag3, flag4} 3. literals can be other data types enum bit[2:0]{a, b, c, d} 4. you can assign x and Z value to literals, if it is a 4 state type e.g : enum logic[2:0] {a, b=11x, c=001}xyz 4. Built in methods are available | Most of the other features like forward type declaration are available in both the languages |
2. structures
Feature | SystemC | Systemverilog | comments |
Structure types | Same as C++ | There are two types of structure a. variable structure b. wire structure e.g for wire structure Typedef struct { logic clk; logic [31:0] address; }ctrl wire ctrl signals; | ----------- |
Structure member initialization | It cannot be initialized during declaration | Members can be initialized during declaration Typedef struct{ logic [3:0] a = 'b1011; bit [2:0]b ='b110; }bit_var; | -------------- |
Vector access | Vector addressing is possible using range(start, end) built in method struct tag { sc_bv<8> var; sc_bv<8>var2; }obj; obj.var.range(5, 0) = 4 | Vector access is possible for packed structure Struct packed { short int shr; int adr; short int dhr; }test1; test1[15:0] coressponds to shr. | In system Verilog entire structure can be accessed using vectors but in systemC individual members can be accessed(systemC data type only) system verilog test1[16:0] = 17'h10001 would result in adr =1 and dhr =1 but in systemC you cannot access var and var2 simultaneously using vector |
Structure memory { short int a; short int b; int c; }xyz; | Variable a will be assigned the lowest address | variable a will be stored at highest address | If structure is occupying the space from 0x2000 to 0x2007 , a would be located at 2000 in systemC and variable C would be located at 2000 in system Verilog |
3. Arrays and queues
Feature | SystemC | SystemVerilog | comments |
Associative array | Same as C++ . STL(Standard Template Library) | Supported | Built in methods are different for systemC and systemVerilog |
Array access | Bit[4]ctr[20] | Bit [3:0]ctr[19:0] or bit[3:0]ctr[20] | In systemC range cannot be specified during declaration but range can be used for array access |
Queue and built in methods | Available Same as C++ . STL(Standard Template Library) They refer it as list and it as standard keyword | Available | Built in methods are same but syntax are different |
4. Function and tasks
Features | System C | System Verilog | Comments/Differences |
Tasks definition | There is no concepts of tasks | Task definition can exist inside the class or outside the class | Task is a verilog concept , it cannot be compared with SystemC |
Functions | Supported | Supported | Implementation is similar |
Variables and functions inside the class | They are referred as Data members member functions | They are referred as Class Property | Properties of variables and functions are same |
5. Class
Features | System C | System Verilog | Comments/Differences |
Constants | instance constant | There are two types 1. Global constant 2. instance constant | // global constant can be assigned Const int j =20; //instance constant const int j; // j can be assigned later(run time) |
Accessing common name variables | Scope resolution operator is used in derived class to access the variable with same name in base class | In derived class word super is used | --------------- |
Parameterized class | Available | Available | Syntax is different |
Some of other features of c++ are more or less same in both with slight difference in syntax
e.g local keyword in system verilog is represeted as private in systemC
6. Module
Features | System C | System Verilog | Comments/Differences |
Declaration | SC_MODULE (abc) { sc_in <bool/int/sc_logic>a, sc_out <bool/int/sc_logic>b; }; | Module abc(a, b) or Module abc(input a, output reg b) | In systemC input and output declarations is done in body of the module while in system verilog it can be in port list or in body of module In system verilog class and Modules are different but in systemC SC_MODULE will be treated as class internally. SC_MODULE is a macro which replaces class abc: public sc_module. sc_module is a predefined class |
Assigning value to wires | In systemC write built in method is used to assign a value to signal | Assign statement is used | Assignment to wire can be done anywhere within scope of the signal In system verilog it is outside always block |
7. Interprocess communication and Synchronization
Features | System C | System Verilog | Comments/Differences |
semaphores | Available | Available | Built in methods have different names but functionality is same |
Mailboxes | NA | Available. It has built in methods | ----- |
Mutex | Available it has built in methods | Not Available | ------- |
Event | Available | Available | In system verilog event hastriggered property and assigning of events is possible. SystemC does not have triggered property and assigning of events is not possible |
8. miscallaneous
Features | System C | System Verilog | Comments/Differences |
Wait statement | Available | Available | System verilog has an additional wait _order statement |
Constaint Random values to variables | Not Available | Available | In systemC verification library constraint random is available |
If statements | Same as C++ | Different types if statement 1. if 2. unique if 3. unique0 if 4. priority if | ------- |
Case statement | Same as C++ | 1. case 2. unique case 3. unique0 case 4. priority case | ------------ |
Interface | Available | Available | Interface functionality is same in both but syntax is different |
Conclusion
System verilog and SystemC cannot be compared for effectiveness as end target of both are different. System Verilog is predominantly for ensuring best silicon comes out (verification) , while SystemC is used for accelerating the software development by modelling a SOC which is identical to actual Hardware. System verilog is already evolved while systemC is in progress. Accellera is taking up lot of iniitiatives to take systemC to higher level. The use of SystemC can be found in another paper
http://www.design-reuse.com/articles/32944/systemc-in-soc-development.html
Other papers can be found at my linkedin page
Authors
Guruprasad PV
Design and Verification lead at Global Edge software. Have around 13 years of experience in IP Design, IP verification and firmware
Linkedin : in.linkedin.com/pub/guruprasad-pv/9/947/9b1/
Prabu M :
Software Engineer at Global Edge software. Have 2 years of experience in SystemC modelling.
Linkedin : in.linkedin.com/pub/prabu-m/6b/533/878/
Contact
Suggestions/Comments and Feedbacks are welcome. It can be sent to guruvadhiraj AT gmail DOT com
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